Throughout the world, coaches and sport scientists widely accept the concept of periodisation and generally consider it to be a foundational practice when developing athletes. Even though the application of a periodised training plan is considered an essential practice when attempting to optimise performance, there is some confusion in both the scientific literature [6, 93, 94] and the practical literature [29, 31, 68] about what a periodised training plan actually is and how it is applied to athletic development. This confusion is largely centred on a misunderstanding of the classic literature on the topic and the terminology often used in contemporary literature. Careful inspection of the classic literature clearlv outlines the major tenets of periodisation and highlights the importance of non-linearity, sequential variation and integration of the various training activities undertaken by athletes, in order to achieve the goal of optimal performance at specific time points [13, 51, 75, 85, 86]. Ultimately, periodisation is a comprehensive theoretical and practical paradigm in which performance is elevated at appropriate time points through the systematic management of all the workloads imposed upon the athlete during the training process [1 3, 52, 88, 91, 108], In order to truly understand the concept of périodisation the major classic tenets of periodisation must be understood, and thus the central purpose of this chapter is to: 1) define periodisation; 2) present the goals of périodisation; 3) explain the general principles of periodisation; 4) outline the hierarchical structures contained in a periodised training plan; 5 ) elucidate the concepts of sequential training; and 6) give general guidelines for the development of periodised training plans. Many of the sport-specific chapters later in the book will outline how these concepts can be applied to specific sports.
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