Introduction Overtraining syndrome (OS) is characterized by imbalances between training load and recovery, resulting in fatigue, decline in performance, and emotional changes. These changes can negatively impact the mental health and sports career of athletes. The aim of this review is to investigate the association between mood profiles and OS, as well as to identify psychological markers relevant to diagnosis and prevention. Methods This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines, with a search in the PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases. The PICOS criteria were used for inclusion, and the methodological quality of the studies was evaluated by the STROBE Checklist. The search was completed on April 13, 2024. Results A total of 16 studies involving 692 athletes were included. The results indicated that high volumes of training intensify negative mood profiles, such as increased fatigue, tension and depression, and reduced stamina. Athletes who did not adapt to training cycles had a higher risk of OS, while load-reducing interventions resulted in emotional improvements. Conclusion Overtraining is consistently associated with negative emotional changes. Monitoring strategies, such as mood assessment, and personalization of training load, are essential to prevent adverse effects and optimize sports performance.
© Copyright 2025 Sport Sciences for Health. Springer. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.