Conclusions: • Experimental studies reviewed in the article were the basis for development and improvement of practical recommendations on the use of special fitness rating criteria for elite athletes specializing in endurance sports. • In the course of adaptation of elite athletes to intense muscular activity it is necessary to take into consideration that the formation of the reactivation and chronic stress reactions may be accompanied by a decrease in physical working capacity. The analysis of these effects makes it possible to optimize the training process by comparing the adaptive bodily response of the athletes with the nature of the training loads performed. • Individualization of training programs is required to effectively manage the training process in cyclic sports, with a study of the athletes` reactions to the impacts of training being its basis. • Resistance of the body systems to damaging external influences is regarded as a working capacity criterion. Functional resistance is manifested in the ability to maintain efficient performance for a long time to accomplish training and competitive tasks. This phenomenon is the primary sign of the ability to achieve the best results in sport.
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