Introduction: Athletic sports performance in competitions such as the Olympic Games is becoming more popular than ever before. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a steady state and its steady functions. There are homeostatic phenomena in sports training such as the plateau phenomena in exercise training and the ultrastructural study of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In this paper, the homeostasis in sports training was sports group-specific and named sports group-specific homeostasis (SSH). Methods The SSH hypothesis was evaluated using information from our earlier studies on the first void urine samples of elite swimmers in the 50, 100, and 200m events, the results from a cellular research model This was supported by statistical (SPSS) analysis of the individual competition performance of top athletes, a review of training adaptation, tapering or reduced training, fatigue resistance and detraining Results Athletes` physiological systems may be classified as SSH-essential systems (SES) and SSH-nonessential system (SNS). The quality of SES homeostasis (SESH) is indicative of sports capacity. The higher the SESH quality, the higher the sports capacity. The higher the quality of the SNS homeostasis (SNSH), the more improved the sports performance. Athletes` training may also be classified into two kinds: extraordinary training (ET) such as DOMS to establish the SESH of higher quality by destroying the former SESH, and the ordinary training (OT) such as tapering, fitness training, psychological training and spirit training to maintain SESH, and to establish and maintain SNSH. This was supported by our electric stimulation induced C2C12 myotube model on exercise training. According to the two steady principal components (PCs), PC3 and PC25, of the urine of elite swimmers during OT, there was a significant difference between the finalists and the non-finalists for 50 and 100m events and for the 200m, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the 50, 100 and 200m events. These results indicated that PC3 and PC25 represented the swimming capacity of the swimming from 50 and 100m to 200m so that the sports should belong to the same sports group, and the athletes` swimming capacity should be represented by the same SSH. Discussion / Conclusions The SSH hypothesis may be substantiated in sports science and should be further verified. According to the SSH hypothesis, the training ladder should be ET1 - OT1 - ET2 - OT2 -…- OTn - competition. Athletes might enjoy OT after recovery from the fatigue. The ET should be done full time, but the OT can be done part-time. As the duration of OT is much longer than that of ET, the high-level training might be done by part-time athletes.
© Copyright 2008 2008 International Convention on Science, Education and Medicine in Sport: Proceedings, Vol. III. Veröffentlicht von People´s Sports Publishing House. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.