Rather than a scholarly treatise debating the advantages of arthroscopic versus open stabilization in adolescents with shoulder instability, this article provides a concise and useful reference for practicing pediatricians whose care includes young athletes. With the ever-increasing number of boys and girls participating in organized sports, specific injury patterns, often dependent on sport and gender, have been identified. This article identifies the most common sports injuries, focusing on mechanism of injury, pathoanatomy, the history and physical findings, as well as recommendations for initial diagnostic studies and treatment. For injuries requiring a timely referral, a clear imperative is noted. Special consideration is given to skeletally immature patients whereas those who are skeletally mature may be treated as adults. Content: INJURIES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY Injuries of the Rotator Cuff Instability of the Shoulder Fractures of the Clavicle Fractures of the Proximal Humerus Injuries of the Elbow Panner's Disease Medial Collateral Ligament and Apophyseal Injuries INJURIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Avulsion Apophysitis and Fractures of the Pelvis Anterior Knee Pain Patellar Malalignment and Instability Osgood-Schlatter Disease Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease Meniscal Injuries Ligament Injuries Osteochondritis Dissecans INJURIES OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE Sever's Disease PREPARTICIPATION SPORTS EVALUATION References
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