The back handspring step out (BHS) is a foundational skill in balance beam routines that can be performed using three different take-off techniques (Simultaneous Flexion, Sequential Flexion, Double-Bounce). However, it is unclear if the different techniques require different levels of muscle demand. The purpose of this study was to use modelling and simulation to quantify muscle demand across the three techniques. While there were no differences in total average muscle demand between techniques, the Sequential Flexion technique required more demand from the knee and hip flexors, while the Simultaneous Flexion and Double-Bounce techniques required more demand from the knee and hip extensors. Thus, gymnasts using each of these techniques should target these specific muscle groups for increased strength and power.
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