Background: Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are well-known nutrients able to promote therapeutic effects under proinflammatory conditions. We aimed to evaluate the effects of acute supplementation with a mixture of BCAAs or with leucine on serum cytokine pattern in human volunteers. Findings: In a cross-over, double-blind design, eight healthy men were randomly submitted to three experimental conditions: supplementation with BCAAs or LEU in comparison with isonitrogenous placebo (PLA). After an overnight fasting, participants ingested a single dose of the supplement and blood samples were collected to determine serum glucose and insulin concentrations, lipid profile, and interleukins (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and IL-10 concentrations. No significant differences were found on serum TNF-a level 30 minutes after supplements intake. However, serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations significantly decreased 60 minutes after LEU supplementation when compared to PLA intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These preliminary results demonstrated that free leucine supplementation, but no within a mixture of BCAAs can influence serum cytokine pattern, in order to promote a more anti-inflammatory patter, in healthy humans.
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