Pharmacological correction is focused on the improvement of athletes` physical work capacity as well as on their adaptation to increased physical and psycho-emotional loads. The tasks of sports pharmacology in sport and particularly in the Olympic sport are considered as follows: correction of metabolic disorders aiming to maintain and improve physical work capacity of athletes; increase of body adaptation stability and immunological resistance to the effect of intensive, prolonged physical loads and psychological tension; improvement of adaptation to climate and time zone changes, i.e., jetlag prevention and correction; optimization of recovery processes after the loads of different direction, volume, and intensity; prevention of over-exertion and pathological states, related to the impact of physical loads. This range of tasks necessitates the unavoidable usage of great number of pharmacological aids, influencing various components of metabolism in the body of athlete. It should be noted that any pharmacological aids, aimed at improvement of physical work capacity and optimization of the recovery processes, might be insufficiently effective or inefficient at all in the presence of pre-clinical occurring of pre-pathological states and diseases as well as in the absence of adequate dosage of physical loads. While using various means for sports activity pharmacological support, it is necessary to clearly identify the metabolic component that they are influencing, the mechanisms of their action, and, ultimately, the nature of their impact on training process efficiency. Contraindications to the application of various pharmacological aids, their interactions, and potential side effects should be taken into account as well. Based on the analysis of modern literature data and their own data, the authors of the article have formulated five basic principles to be followed while designing the programs for sports preparation under the aspects of pharmacological support. The very first principle says that any pharmacological impacts, aimed at acceleration of the recovery processes after loads and increase of physical work capacity, are ineffective or minimally effective in the case of unreasonable prescription as well as in the absence of an adequate training process design. Assessment of the efficiency and the validity of training load setup, in its turn, should be based on the results of medico-pedagogical examination of an athlete in the course of long-term adaptation and appropriate remedial and pedagogical control. The second principle describes application of pharmacological aids as accelerating the course of the natural recovery processes after loads and stimulating work capacity. While prescribing pharmacological means of such direction, one should clearly understand the objective of their usage, the main mechanisms of their action, and, on that basis, the direction of the impact on training process efficiency as well as contraindications, possible consequences of cross-interaction, and side effects. In order significantly to reduce the incidence of side effects, the gold standard and the "agent of choice" may be metabolic and metabolitotropic substances, which include, for instance, L-carnitine, succinic acid and its derivatives, and L-arginine based preparations and dietary supplements. It should be added that the value of the above listed substances with indirect or direct cardio-protective effect during intensive physical loads had increased significantly in 2015-2016 due to the WADA`s prohibition of trimetazidine and meldonium usage by athletes. The third principle says that one should pay attention at such parameters of preparation actions as acute, cumulative, and delayed effects as well as differentiate the impacts upon power, capacity, economy, and reliability. The efficiency assessment of applied pharmacological means is of crucial importance depending on the period (stage) of training cycle, specialization, skill level, character of training, competitive load energy supply, initial functional state of athlete`s body as well as on anthropometric, sex, and age peculiarities. The fourth one, in the context of training process intensification, deterioration of its ecological constituent, the increase in overall morbidity and the toughening of the WADA`s requirements, describes the individualization of the formed pharmacological programs for sports preparation maintenance as becoming extremely important. It should be noted that the application of a complex of pharmacological ergogenic aids is expedient and the most effective when used during preparation of microcycles, necessarily varying with medicinal preparations and dietary supplements to properly follow settled tasks. Therefore, the methods of training should remain the major aspect in the achievement of optimal physical work capacity with pharmacological correction being an auxiliary, although, very important component. And, finally, one should bear in mind that an athlete could be prescribed only registered preparations or dietary (food) supplements (as ergogenic aids or restorative agents) based on substances not prohibited by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee, i.e., not included in the WADA`s Prohibited List.
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