Summary • Exercise and exercise training both cause changes in the circulating levels of hormones in the blood. - Acute exercise causes increased levels of most hormones. - In recovery there is usually a reciprocal opposite hormonal response. - Training (long-term) typically lowers resting levels of hormone. - Training (long-term) typically abates somewhat the hormonal responses to exercise. • These hormonal responses are mediators in the adaptation process within many physiological systems that ultimately results in the capacity for improved physical performance. • If these hormonal responses are inappropriate they can lead to a physiological mal-adaptation and a compromised physical performance. • The suitable insertion of rest and recovery as well as the maintenance of adequate nutritional practices into a training regime are essential to foster the correct hormonal and endocrine system reactions to exercise and exercise training (Manore et al., 2009; Viru, 1985). • It should be recognized that it is tempting for the athlete to pursue means to enhance the hormonal response to exercise and accelerate the adaptation process. Such actions involving banned substances are in some cases efficacious, but such steps are most certainly discouraged for moral, ethical and legal reasons. • Athletes, coaches and trainers are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) listing of such banned endocrine-related substances (WADA, 2012).
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