From the concept of a simple worker capable only of obeying higher orders, we find ourselves today, on the contrary, appreciating muscle as a force provider and active part in many functions of the endocrine and immune systems. This new and interesting vision obliges us to completely review the muscle function, which is also capable of regulating functions, as mentioned above, of complex physiology. This overall picture, which must be significantly correlated with all the other systems, poses different questions on how to reconsider the muscle according to training and the responses that it modulates in relation to the stress administered. With this new vision of muscle and its functions, it is inevitable not to think of when the world of sport considered the same in a simplistic way, theorising the famous rule of supercompensation, thinking of the muscle in the load recovery ratio, that the same could be somehow calculate mathematically. The idea of super-compensation was born after the idea that training, to be effective, had to inevitably be carried out with high load volumes. Consequently, there was the trend of measuring lactic acid which seemed to be the measure of all measures and consequently the phenomenon of training simplistically reduced to the musclelactic acid response. The pur-pose of this updated review on how science now acknowledges the muscle in terms of functions, aims to be a stimulus to the reader to take a fresh look at the concept of training loads and in particular the relationship between muscle, the response to training stress, energy mechanisms and inflammatory mechanisms. We would certainly not be surprised if new experimental load administration projects suddenly appeared, based on the individualization of the training process in order to allow, in light of this new knowledge, to optimize the load itself and at the same time to evaluate its responses and adaptations.
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