The increased effectiveness of loaded versus unloaded plyometric jump training in improving muscle power, speed, change of direction, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players

(Die erhöhte Wirksamkeit des plyometrischen Sprungtrainings mit und ohne Belastung für die Verbesserung von Muskelleistung, Schnelligkeit, Richtungswechselleistung und Schussweite bei männlichen Fußballspielern in der Vorpubertät)

Purpose: To examine the effects of loaded (LPJT) versus unloaded plyometric jump training (UPJT) programs on measures of muscle power, speed, change of direction (CoD), and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players. Methods: Participants (N=29) were randomly assigned to a LPJT group (n=13; age=13.0 [0.7] y) using weighted vests or UPJT group (n=16; age=13.0 [0.5] y) using body mass only. Before and after the intervention, tests for the assessment of proxies of muscle power (ie, countermovement jump, standing long jump); speed (ie, 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint); CoD (ie, Illinois CoD test, modified 505 agility test); and kicking-distance were conducted. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Within-group analyses for the LPJT group showed large and very large improvements for 10-m sprint time (effect size [ES]=2.00) and modified 505 CoD (ES=2.83) tests, respectively. For the same group, moderate improvements were observed for the Illinois CoD test (ES=0.61), 5- and 20-m sprint time test (ES=1.00 for both the tests), countermovement jump test (ES=1.00), and the maximal kicking-distance test (ES=0.90). Small enhancements in the standing long jump test (ES=0.50) were apparent. Regarding the UPJT group, small improvements were observed for all tests (ES=0.33-0.57), except 5- and 10-m sprint time (ES=1.00 and 0.63, respectively). Between-group analyses favored the LPJT group for the modified 505 CoD (ES=0.61), standing long jump (ES=0.50), and maximal kicking-distance tests (ES=0.57), but not for the 5-m sprint time test (ES=1.00). Only trivial between-group differences were shown for the remaining tests (ES=0.00-0.09). Conclusion: Overall, LPJT appears to be more effective than UPJT in improving measures of muscle power, speed, CoD, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players.
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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Schlagworte:
Notationen:Spielsportarten Nachwuchssport
Veröffentlicht in:International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 2020
Online-Zugang:https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0866
Jahrgang:15
Heft:2
Seiten:189-195
Dokumentenarten:Artikel
Level:hoch