Introduction Few attempts have been made to apply systems theory to the description of human responses during physical training (Banister, Calvert, Savage & Bach, 1975; Banister, 1982; Busso, Carasso & Lacour, 1991; Perl, 2002; Perl, 2004a). According to this description the relation between training and performance can be described by an antagonistic model. Initially, Calvert et al. (1976) proposed to describe the systems behavior with two antagonistic transfer functions ascribed to the fitness and fatigue responses. The performance, i.e. systems output, was the balance between the fitness and the fatigue response describe by a system of differential equations. In the recent past another antagonistic model has been developed by Perl (2004b). In order to analyze and optimize physiological adaptation processes the so-called PerformancePotential-Model (PerPot) helps to simulate the interaction between the training load and performance. The PerPot based on a meta-model, where an output potential (the so-called Performance Potential) is influenced by input load (training) - dynamically controlled by two internal buffer potentials. The way the internal potentials control each other in order to take a common control on the input-output-behavior reminds on several examples of physiological antagonism (Perl, 2004b).
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