Purpose: The primary purposes of this case study are threefold: 1) to describe the training of Didrik Tønseth (DT) leading to world class performance in cross-country skiing; 2) to determine possible factors associated with unexpected underperformance, ending in a non-functioning state, and 3) prospectively describe the participants multidisciplinary approach when returning to sustainable high-level performance. Methods: DT is one of the world`s best cross-country (XC) skiers, with 125 world cup (WC) starts, including 4 wins and 15 podiums. Training was categorized into intensity zones (LIT, MIT, HIT); training forms (endurance, strength, and speed); activity forms (skiing, roller skiing, running, cycling, etc.); specific- (ski and roller ski) and non-specific exercise (running, cycling etc.). Training was retrospectively analyzed from weekly summary (2012-2019) and session-by-session (2019-2022). Performance data was collected from the FIS distance ranking points, and race results. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and/or range. Additionally, semi-structured interviews and specific questions to the participant and his support team were conducted. Results: Longitudinal training characteristics between 2012 and 2019 showed a yearly non-linear progression of 29 ? 85 h, from 771 h to 1002 h, and 487 to 546 number of sessions. There was a relatively similar distribution of intensity (92/5/3%), with increases of 31% LIT, 76% MIT and 80% HIT. The amount of strength and speed training were varying more across seasons, with average values of 56 ? 10 h and 16 ? 8 h. Sport specific training increased by 57% (average of 531 ? 86 h), while non-specific training remained evenly distributed (average of 238 ? 31 h). After two years associated with underperformance, possible factors were found; lack in periodization, high volumes of medium- and high intensity training close together, training with low carbohydrate availability and "extreme" sessions, while simultaneously keeping a high volume. To help DT back to world-class level a multidisciplinary team is formed. Physiological, nutritional, technical psychological challenges are detected. Immediate measures taken were: 7-week recovery period, elimination HIT and the mentioned possible factors, but increased emphasize on intensity control, change in periodization and gradual increase in MIT (and HIT). Additional actions regarding testing, nutrition, monitoring, technique, and follow-up were taken. During the general preparation period (GP), weekly volume (21 ? 5.8 h), endurance (19.3 ? 5.2 h), strength (1.2 ? 0.8 h) and distribution of LIT/HIT/MIT (93/6/1%), remained similar to 2020/2021. However, a 27% decrease in HIT and 7% increase in MIT were present. Annually, the weekly training volume was increased by 7% (17.5 ? 7.1 vs. 18.7 ? 5.8). Conclusion: Didrik Tønset´s long-term development described in detail from the age of 21 to 28 years old, provides great knowledge into the process of becoming a world-class XC-skier and a good basis to determine possible factors associated with unexpected underperformance. The multidisciplinary approach used by DT´s team was prospectively described in this study and gives a great insight into the process of returning to world-class level from a non-functioning state and could potentially be used as a foundation for future cases.
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