The study analyzes some issues of biathletes` liability with an emphasis on the meanings and definitions of penalties (in application to athletes) and disciplinary measures (in application to coaches). Subject to a special analysis under the study were the types of penalties imposable on biathletes. Violations of the Constitution of the IBU and IBU Rules are quite common among other disciplinary violations in modern biathlon that normally occur unintentionally due to lapses in concentration of the athletes, with doping being ranked the most serious and at the same time the most common violation of the disciplinary rules in biathlon. It could be ranked lower on the list of the violations if the consequences were not that serious for the sport and health.
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