Biological maturation (BM) can be divided into three basic stages: delayed, synchronous and early. It is known that advanced BM stages relate to increased muscle power in young swimmers. However, information about the influence of advancing BM in months intra-stage of BM on the sport performance of young swimmers is imprecise. We longitudinally analyzed the influence of BM advancement in months on muscle power and sport performance in young swimming athletes. The sample consisted of 29 young swimming athletes (14 male and 15 female. Age: 12-15-yrs). BM was measured by an anthropometry-based equation to predict peak height velocity (PHV), by the medicine ball test, we analyzed upper limbs power, and we analyzed lower limbs power by platform jumping tests. The sports performance was analyzed based on the results in competition. After 6 months, the method was reapplied. There was a significant increase in both sexes (males (p < 0.001; ES: - 3.7) and females (p < 0.001; ES: - 3.4)) of BM advancement between 5 and 6 months compared to chronological age (CA). Both male and female groups showed increased levels of muscle power in the lower (male: p < 0.001; ES: - 1.4, female: p = 0.01; ES: - 0.7) and upper limbs (male: p = 0.005; ES: - 0.9, female: p < 0.001; ES: - 1.5). There was an improvement in sport performance for athletes of both sexes (male: p = 0.04; ES: 0.5, female: p = 0.001; ES: 1.0). With the results obtained, we conclude that the advancement of biological maturation (in months) influences the levels of muscle power and sport performance in adolescent swimming athletes of both sexes.
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