Running performance, of course, is directly related to training in terms of volume and intensity. Both are used in order to quantify mechanical and metabolic stimuli. These stimuli trigger a cascade of signalling pathways down to the level of genes for maintainance or building up of various proteins. Analyses of serum concentrations together with modern POCT-methods (point-of-care-testing) which allow for diagnosing a remarkable number of parameters from capillary blood indicating individual responses after exercise. Various parameters have been studied under different exercise conditions (Hypoxia, HighIntensityTraining, Vibration, Electrostimulation). From a catabolic point of view they can - for reasons of simplification - be grouped into membrane particles after a primarily mechanical stress (e.g. EMP, Blebs) and intermediate agents of metabolic and/or hormonal stress (e.g. IGF-1, AST, ALT, LDH, CK). At the level of genes ìRNA has come strongly into the discussion of probably being a non-coding powerful regulator of gene expression in terms of on- or off-setting certain genes. Various studies have been carried out with respect to individuality (magnitude, duration) of biological response and to volume/intensity and kind of training loads in various sports. The results contribute to the clarification of likely variability and correlations of different physiological responses as well as to an individual tuning of training load.
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