The influence of forces created by the hand and forearm were measured by taking plaster casts of four arms and analyzing the force components in the swimming flume. The article itself is somewhat misleading. It develops the impression that lift is more important than drag for propelling swimmers. However, the data suggest exactly the opposite. The following is a reinterpretation of what is revealed. Implications: The description of pulling actions in all strokes other than breaststroke as being an "S" shaped pull is wrong. That was originally proposed to maximize Bernoullian lift. Since that is not a major force for propulsion, it would seem better to teach athletes to "fix" their lower arms in the water and move past that fixed point. Fixing the forearm does not mean that it does not move. The position and angle of the propelling surface has to change to accommodate the human anatomy. The lower arm has to be constantly repositioned as different muscle groups come into play and the various joints and actions across those joints change to contribute to propulsion. That is the major reason why the propelling surface moves, not because of lift as described by Bernoullian theorists.