"The swimming muscle" refers to a collection of papers and ad hoc research projects dealing with the electromyographic (EMG) data acquisition in an aquatic environment. The detection of the electricity potentials in human muscle, is probably amongst the oldest, if not "the oldest" scientific experiments. This chapter will inform the reader about the essential knowledge of historical facts in order to understand the evolution of EMG and its methodological development. The basic methodological description combined with neuromuscular basics is specified and is related to the complexity of measuring human dynamic muscle activity in an aquatic environment and to the complexity of stroke techniques, training aids and systems e.g. data acquisition approaches, signal processing and EMG force relations. The EMG allows for the description of motion of swimming techniques in terms of muscle participations, synchronisation and intensity. Muscular activity descriptions permit the development of applied and related aspects e.g. training, technique improvement and performance enhancement. Remodelling the front crawl with EMG is considered in combination with a sclective approach of shoulder problems and solutions. Many studies of swimming and EMG are known since many decennia but back-, breast stroke and butterfly research and related feedback remain limited.
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