Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine muscle blood flow and muscle oxygenation during repeated-sprint exercise under combined hot and hypoxic conditions. Methods In a single-blind, cross-over research design, 11 active males performed three sets of 5 × 6-s maximal sprints with 30-s active recovery on a cycling ergometer under control (CON; 23 °C, 50% rH, 20.9% FiO2), normobaric hypoxic (HYP; 23 °C, 50% rH, 14.5% FiO2), or hot + normobaric hypoxic (HH; 35 °C, 50% rH, 14.5% FiO2) conditions. The vastus lateralis muscle blood flow after each set and muscle oxygenation during each sprint were evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy methods. Results Despite similar repeated-sprint performance among the three conditions (peak and mean power outputs, percent decrement score), HH was associated with significantly higher muscle blood flow compared with CON after the first set (CON: 0.61 ± 0.10 mL/min/100 g; HYP: 0.81 ± 0.13 mL/min/100 g; HH: 0.99 ± 0.16 mL/min/100 g; P < 0.05). The tissue saturation index was significantly lower in HYP than in CON during the latter phase of the exercise (P < 0.05), but it did not differ between HH and CON. Conclusion These findings suggest that a combination of normobaric hypoxia and heat stress partially facilitated the exercise-induced increase in local blood flow, but it did not enhance tissue desaturation.
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