Objectives: A triathlon, which consists of swimming, bicycling, and running, is a high-intensity and long-term form of exercise that can cause injuries such as muscular damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy imbalance. Previous studies indicated that Lactobacillus supplementation could improve oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. We investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 supplementation on triathletes for shorten the acute inflammatory phase. Methods: The triathletes were assigned to one of two groups with different exercise intensity stimulations with different time-points to investigate the effects of body compositions, inflammation, oxidative stress, performance, and injury-related biochemical indices. Results: L.plantarum PS128 supplementation, combined with training, can significantly alleviate oxidative stress (such as creatine kinase, Thioredoxin, and Myeloperoxidase indices) after a triathlon (P < 0.05).This effect is possibly regulated by a 6-13% decrease of indicated pro-inflammation (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-8) cytokines (P < 0.05) and 55% increase of anti-inflammation (IL-10) cytokines (P < 0.05) after intensive exercise stimulation. Conclusions: In conclusion, L. plantarum PS128 may be a potential ergogenic aid for better training management, physiological adaptations to exercise, and health promotion.This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (grant no. MOST 105-2410-H-158-008-MY3).This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (grant no. MOST 105-2410-H-158-008-MY3).
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