The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in gross efficiency and in aerobic and anaerobic cycling performances. Nine well-trained cyclists (30.8 ± 6.4 years, cycling experience 8.4 ± 5.6 years) visited the laboratory 5 times. During the first visit, they performed a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer, to identify VO2max (55.2 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min) and maximum aerobic power (Pmax; 327.0 ± 28.5 W). During the second visit (control), they cycled 5 minutes at 60% of Pmax, 5 minutes at 70% of Pmax, 5-minute time trial, and Wingate test. During the third visit, the athletes performed 10 sets of 10 countermovement jumps, to generate EIMD. The athletes repeated the second visit tests (control) 30 minutes, 48 hours (fourth visit), and 96 hours (fifth visit) after the jumps. The rated perceived exertion values increased 48 hours after EIMD (3.8 vs. 3.1) at 60% of Pmax. The ventilation and respiratory exchange ratio increased at 60% of Pmax (up to 4.3 L/min and 0.04, respectively) and at 70% of Pmax (up to 5.4 L/min and 0.05, respectively), mainly after 96 hours. There was no significant difference in VO2, VCO2, and heart rate in submaximal exercises, neither in time trial. No differences were observed in the Wingate tests. In conclusion, the EIMD did not impair gross efficiency, nor aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained cyclists. However, despite the benefits of strength training to improve cyclists' performance, coaches must be cautious to the days after the strength training sessions because EIMD may change the perception of maintaining a given submaximal intensity during training or competition.
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