Background Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) frequently occurs on the draw side of the recurve archer, a condition that follows inflammatory degeneration of the soft tissues of the shoulder. Friction and impingement are generated between the soft tissues in the subacromial area and the rostral shoulder dome. This research was carried out by creating a finite element model and modeling the specialized techniques of an archer. We analyze the peak stress of the soft tissues to investigate the possible mechanisms of impingement syndrome on the drawing side shoulder of the archers. Methods Using CT and MRI scanning techniques, the data of the subject's right shoulder bones and soft tissues were obtained, and a finite element model constructed the scapula, clavicle, humerus, the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT), subacromial bursa, supraspinatus. Simulation of the humerus on the drawing arm to perform raising, drawing, holding, and releasing movements. and stress changes in the soft tissues are analyzed. Results The peak stress in the long head of the biceps tendon increased from 0.227 MPa at the start of raising to 0.249 MPa at the start of the drawing; the stress peak decreased from the holding stage to 0.089 MPa at release. The stress peak of the subacromial bursa showed a zigzag pattern; it is 0.280 MPa at the start of raising but decreases to 0.036 MPa at the start of the drawing; at the start of holding, the peak stress rises to 0.3471 MPa; but at the moment of release, the peak stress drops to 0.2619 MPa. The supraspinatus` stress peak increased to 1.395 MPa at the start of drawing from a lower value at the start of raising; it decreased to 1.257 MPa at the start of holding and increased to 1.532 MPa at release. Conclusion The peak stress of the long head of the biceps tendon showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and the stress concentration during raising and unloading was in the area close to the end of the tendon, with more significant interaction between the tendon of the long head of the biceps tendon and the scapula. The subacromial bursa is susceptible to compression by several surrounding tissues during the holding, resulting in high stress and susceptibility to injury to this structure. The persistence of high tension in the supraspinatus can be one of the mechanisms that cause inflammation of this tendon. Targeted injury prevention measures based on the mechanism of the subacromial impingement syndrome and the technical characteristics of the recurve arch, corrective exercise can be used to improve the muscles` extension around the shoulder to prevent the development of the corresponding injury.
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