Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has long been regarded as the gold standard modality for the measurement of longitudinal changes in bone mineral density and body composition on the basis of its low doses of ionizing radiation and high levels of equipment precision. Although equipment precision is acceptable in the region of ±1.5% (1), it is acknowledged that other factors, including differences in participant positioning and scan analysis, can markedly increase precision error in serial in vivo measurements.
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