Definition: Female athletes experience musculoskeletal injuries and medical problems, resulting from and/or impacting athletic activity. Team physicians must understand the gender-specific implications of the following issues: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries Patellofemoral pain Shoulder injury Bone stress injuries Concussion Low bone mass and Osteoporosis Energy availability (EA) and disordered eating/eating disorders (DE/ED) Menstrual dysfunction Female Athlete Triad Pregnancy and contraception Goal: The goal of this document is to help the team physician improve the care of the female athlete by understanding select injuries and illnesses in this population. To accomplish this goal, the team physician should have knowledge of and be involved with the following: Musculoskeletal conditions, including ACL injuries; patellofemoral injuries; shoulder injuries; and bone stress injuries. Medical conditions, including low energy availability (LEA)/DE/ED; menstrual dysfunction; bone health; and pregnancy/contraception. Summary: This document provides an updated overview of select musculoskeletal and medical issues that are important to team physicians who are responsible for the medical care of female athletes. It is not intended as a standard of care and should not be interpreted as such. This document is only a guide and, as such, is of a general nature, consistent with the reasonable, objective practice of the health care professional. Individual treatment will turn on the specific facts and circumstances presented to the physician. Adequate insurance should be in place to help protect the physician, the athlete, and the sponsoring organization. This statement was developed by a collaboration of six major professional associations concerned about clinical sports medicine issues; they have committed to forming an ongoing project-based alliance to bring together sports medicine organizations to best serve active people and athletes. The organizations are American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, and the American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine.
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