Prevention of injury and illness associated with athletic activity is one of the roles of the team physician (10,15). This process involves understanding the pathophysiology of the injury or illness, evaluating the known risk factors that influence the incidence of injury or illness, implementing interventions to minimize the influence of the risk factors, and recording the outcomes of the interventions. The goal of this document is to help the team physician improve the care of the athlete by understanding and practicing methods of injury and illness prevention in specific sports medicine problems. To accomplish this goal, the team physician should have knowledge of general strategies of injury and illness prevention and implement these strategies for the following: * Musculoskeletal injuries to the ankle, knee, elbow, and shoulder * Concussion and cervical spine injuries * Cardiovascular issues * Heat-related illness * Skin infection * Equipment issues This document provides an overview of selected medical issues that are important to team physicians who are responsible for the care and treatment of athletes. It is not intended as a standard of care and should not be interpreted as such. This document is only a guide and, as such, is of a general nature, consistent with the reasonable, objective practice of the health-care profession. Adequate insurance should be in place to help protect the physician, the athlete, and the sponsoring organization. This statement was developed by a collaboration of six major professional associations concerned about clinical sports medicine issues. They have committed to forming an ongoing project-based alliance to bring together sports medicine organizations to best serve active people and athletes. The organizations are the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, and the American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine.
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