Movement pattern specificity should not be underestimated as to its importance. The vertical jump can be used as an example. Studies have noted both kinetic and kinematic similarities between the vertical jump and pulling movements (Garhammer and Gregor 1992, Canavan et al. 1996. Thus the fundamental pattern of movement for a snatch or clean pull and a vertical jump with a two-leg take-off are quite similar. Basically the pulling movement is a jump with weights, which provides an overload. If movement pattern similarities are reasonable and a reasonable overload is afforded then it can be assumed that athletes consistently using pulling movements, as part of their training would have an excellent vertical jump. Evidence for this assumption can be found in both observation and research. For example, the vertical jumps of weightlifterÕs have been shown to be superior when compared to other athletes such as American football players and track and field athletes (Stone 1991). Advantages of Using Pulling Movements: There are several advantages in using pulling movements - these advantages can include: - Metabolic advantages - although not directly discussed in this paper it should be noted that large muscle mass, multiple joint exercises require a greater energy consumption than smaller or single joint exercises. For example, power snatches can have energy requirements ranging from 1 -20 kcal per minute (Scala et al 1987). Furthermore, large volumes of exercise with sufficient large muscle mass exercises such as pulling movements can result in a relatively large post-exercise energy consumption (Burleson et al, 1998, Melby et al. 1993). Thus, use of these exercises may aid in controlling body mass and body weight. - A second advantage is movement pattern specificity coupled with appropriate overload. Thus pulling movements can meet the criteria for successful transfer of training effect to a large variety of sport performances. - Third - because pulling movements are explosive and ballistic in nature the overload provided can be quite specific. - Fourth, there can be a safety aspect - some coaches and athletes use barbell weighted jumping to enhance the explosiveness of the leg and hip extensors. While this is a valid method and should be used at some points in training, the compression/decompression on the spine as a result of the jump and landing may result in a back or spine injury. This problem is not inherent in pulling movements - particularly if only the pulling portion of the lift is perform.
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