Physical conditioning in handball is extremely important for top performance, so the correct approach to training should be based on the knowledge of the specific requirements of the performance and on the development of specific training means. In the first part of this work some physiological considerations have been conducted, in the second part a practical approach to modern handball training has been discussed. Conclusion: A modern approach to handball training is needed for being able to improve handball players' performances. This modern approach in metabolic training must be based on the assumption that steady state running with high volume is not specific for enhancing handball players' endurance capabilities and performances. An effective training plan must be based upon intermittent drills in which handball players have to perform different motions with different paths/movements at the highest intensity possible, followed by lower intensity periods. General drills can be easily developed using cones, circles, small obstacles and small circuits, but, what is most important, game-like drills need to be used in training. These game-like drills can be performed by a reduced number of players (i.e. 3 vs.3, 4 vs.4 and so far and so forth) in reduced part of the field. Attacking and defensive tasks can be used also as training drills with time limits to perform the tasks and with specific rest periods. Of course, when developing game-like or technical drills, the results cannot be easily generalized, however, it is important to say that through the measurement of heart rate and lactate production it is possible to monitor effectiveness of every specific drill and, from there, develop a conditioning approach more specific of modern handball demands (see figure 7). Many coaches still prefer to train players on track and field courts, making them running different distances (100 meters to 2000 meters), we should never forget that the handball court is long 40 meters, and the actual space covered by players is never more than 6000 meters. These distances are all covered with different speed, with different paths and very often changing directions. Handball players have to be trained for quickness on the court, and the ability to maintain high levels of speed endurance moving with and without the ball. To our opinion, purposing unspecific training loads is a defeat, and there is a need for developing a specific handball training methodology. A good coach need to question him/herself about the effectiveness of every conditioning drill and if it is really matching the performance model, only in this way we will finally have athletes trained to play attractive handball rather then competing in track and field.