A mathematical model of the forces acting on rowing boats has been developed. The model takes into account the motion of the rowers' bodies during the stroke, as well as variations in stroke rate at the beginning of a race. Hydrodynamic resistance is estimated using the 1957 ITTC line for the skin friction, an empirical formula for the form drag, and Michell's integral for the wave resistance. Aerodynamic drag is also included in the total resistance. Comparisons are made with performances at recent world championship events for male and female rowers in both the lightweight and heavyweight classes.
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