This study aimed to clarify the conceptual structure of the kakehiki movements in judo (offense and defense involving tactical intent leading up to a technique designed to create an advantageous situation) through the construction of a movement measurement scale. Until now, beginners have rarely been taught the kakehiki movements that are necessary to master the offensive and defensive movements typical of judo. This is because the kakehiki movements have been sidelined to tips and instincts of the best competitors, and no effort has been made to conceptualize them as formal knowledge that can be shared and understood by everyone. This study involved a 3-stage survey of judo competitors. The results revealed that kakehiki comprises 4 types of movement: kumite (movements for advantageous judo grips), hyoshi (movements related to rhythm and timing), ma-ai (movements related to psychological distance), and kehai offense and defense (movements to explore the other party's condition). This made it possible to structure the offensive and defensive movements of judo as a general-purpose learning program applicable to beginners as well, which has previously been relegated to tips and instincts of skilled players. By utilizing this scale, it was possible to grasp the abstract aspects of learning, such as judo offense and defense, as a comparable numerical value.
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