The relay race, particularly the 4x100m event, presents unique challenges that integrate both physical capabilities and technical skills, especially during baton exchanges in high-speed conditions. This synthesis reviews three studies aimed at quantifying performance factors critical to successful baton handoffs and overall race efficiency. The first part of the paper introduces mathematical equations to evaluate the technical aspects of baton exchanges, proposing a framework that allows coaches to identify weaknesses and predict team performance without complex procedures. Utilising data from elite and non-elite teams, this approach emphasises the potential for improving relay outcomes through targeted analysis. The second part investigates the relationship between baton exchange time and the handoff point within the exchange zone, revealing that longer handoff distances correlate with shorter exchange times. Analysis of 230 exchanges among Polish national team sprinters indicates that while this relationship is significant, it accounts for only a portion of the variability in exchange times, suggesting the influence of additional factors on performance. Finally, the third part employs mathematical modelling to determine optimal positions for baton exchanges, highlighting the complexity of the exchange process. Findings reveal that the ideal checkmark position varies for each exchange and is influenced by factors such as lane draw and free distance, with implications for coaching strategies to minimise disqualifications and enhance race outcomes. Collectively, these studies underline the importance of both technical precision and strategic planning in relay performance, offering insights that could aid coaches and athletes in refining their approaches to training and competition.
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