Introduction: Resistance training leads to increases in maximal running speed, acceleration, jumping abilities, force in kicking, tackles and headers and reduces the risk of injuries in soccer players. Association studies have identified dozens of genetic variants linked to training responses and sport-related traits. However, no intervention studies utilizing the idea of personalized training based on athlete`s genetic profile have been carried out, especially in soccer. Here we propose an algorithm that allows achieving greater results in response to high- or low-intensity resistance training program by predicting an athlete potential for the development of power and endurance qualities with a panel of 15 performance-associated gene polymorphisms. These polymorphisms are located within the genes primarily involved in the regulation of muscle fibre type composition and muscle size, cytoskeletal function, muscle damage protection, metabolism, circulatory homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, thermogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods: Soccer players (n=39) completed an eight-week high- or low-intensity resistance training program, either matched or mismatched to their individual genotype. The highintensity resistance training program consisted of ten sets of two reps over the eight-week study. The low-intensity resistance training program consisted of three sets of ten reps for first two weeks, three sets of fifteens reps for the next three weeks and three sets of twenty for the last three weeks. Two variables of explosive power and aerobic fitness, measured by the countermovement jump (CMJ) and aerobic 3-min cycle test (Aero3), were assessed pre and post 8 weeks of resistance training. DNA samples of athletes were genotyped for the ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X, ADRB2 Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu, AGT M235T, BDKRB2 rs1799722 C/T, COL5A1 rs12722 C/T, CRP rs1205 A/G, GABPB1rs7181866 A/G, IL6 -174 C/G, PPARA rs4253778 G/C, PPARGC1A G482S, TRHR rs16892496 A/C, VDR rs1544410 A/G, VEGFA rs2010963 G/C gene polymorphisms by real-time PCR. The percentage power/endurance genotype score (P/E) ratio was determined for each athlete. Results: Following the training intervention, players from the matched group (i.e. high-intensity trained with power genotype or low-intensity trained with endurance genotype) have demonstrated significantly greater (P<0.0001) performance changes in both tests compared to mismatched group (i.e. high-intensity trained with endurance genotype or low-intensity trained with power genotype). CMJ improved by 7.1% in the matched group, compared to 2.4% in the mismatched group. Improvements in Aero3 were 7.7% in the matched vs 1.9% in the mismatched group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that matching the individual`s genotype with the appropriate training modality leads to more effective resistance training. The developed algorithm may be used to guide individualized resistance-training interventions.
© Copyright 2016 21st Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS), Vienna, 6. -9. July 2016. Veröffentlicht von University of Vienna. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.