The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While DeltaRSb were related to DeltaMSS and ?body mass (r2 = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), DeltaRSm was also correlated with DeltaMAS and Deltasum of 7 skinfolds (r2 = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between Delta%Dec and DeltaMAS (r2 = 0.02 [-0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial DeltaMSS and DeltaMAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for DeltaRSm, respectively. Finally, DetaASR per se was not predictive of DeltaRSm (Cohen`s = +0.8 to -0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of DeltaRSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor DeltaRS performance.
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