Background: Plyometric training (PT) and resistance training (RT) can improve jumping and sprinting performance, although their comparative effectiveness in elite female basketball players remain unknown. Objectives: To compare the effects of PT and RT on jumping and sprinting performance in elite female basketball players. Methods: Thirty elite female basketball players were randomly assigned to PT (n = 10), RT (n = 10) or control groups (n = 10, standard basketball training). Performance assessments before and after the interventions (8 weeks, 16 training sessions) included countermovement jump (CMJ) height and peak power, drop jump (DJ) height and reactive strength index (RSI), standing long jump distance (LJ), CMJ with arm swing (CMJA) height, running CMJA height, and 22.2 m linear sprint time. Performance changes were analyzed using linear and Bayesian mixed-effects models. Results: Compared to controls, RT and PT improved the RSI. Additionally, PT improved (p < 0.05; posterior probability >0: 99.4-99.9%) CMJ height, CMJ peak power, DJ height and RSI, LJ, CMJA, Running CMJA and sprint time when compared to both controls and RT. Conclusions: Compared to RT, PT induced greater jumping and sprinting performance improvements in elite female basketball players.
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