The GHJ lacks the mechanical design for primary weight-bearing locomotion, especially during strenuous, repetitive, high-impact movements. This paper, a combination of two pilot studies, examines the linear stroking cycle for the sport of sledge hockey; an active able-bodied male (off-ice) and 5 physically impaired males (on-ice) were used. On-ice results demonstrated a distinction between the predefined cycle segmented into phases (PREP, PRO, REC)[1] and the initial cycle; newly defined (START). sEMG were used to determine the force output from the primary co-contracting muscles (biceps brachii-triceps brachii, pectoralis major-latissimus dorsi and deltoids (anterior, lateral, posterior)) in relation to the bilateral propulsion phases obtained from 3-dimensional modeling. sEMG results illustrated propulsion to be a posteriorly dominant movement with the triceps brachii as the primary contributors. Results are transferable to GHJ dependent populations recommending increased muscular strength within the posterior muscles (prolonged mobility) and anterior musculature (decreased posterior-anterior transferred trauma and increased stability).
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