Wheelchair racing is one of the most popular adaptive sports and consists of race distances ranging from short sprints to the marathon. An increased interest in athlete preparation through physiological and performance testing, optimal training protocols, and training load monitoring exists. This review evaluated and summarized the available evidence for the physiological demands of wheelchair racing, physiological profile of athletes, and the effects of exercise training interventions on improving racing performance. Nine studies met inclusion criteria and provided insight into the physiological profile of athletes. No studies examining exercise training interventions or the physiological demands of wheelchair racing met inclusion criteria. Maximal incremental exercise tests were utilized in all investigations to assess multiple physiological parameters such as maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max). Based on time trial data, athletes race at 73-95% of their Vo2max. Based on the available evidence, wheelchair racing athletes have a well-developed Vo2max and race at high percentages of their Vo2max. Coaches should focus exercise training interventions on improving wheelchair racing athlete's V?o2max and the athlete's ability to maintain a higher percentage of their Vo2max for the duration of race events.
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