Introduction: From the Paralympics in the 1960s to the 2020 Games wheelchair sports have seen a surge in participation. Athletes heavily rely on their upper extremities and trunks for strength and power, yet optimizing these aspects, particularly in terms of sprint efficiency, remains a gap. Plyometric training, known for enhancing power, is underutilized in wheelchair athlete programs. This study investigates upper extremity plyometrics` impact on wheelchair athletes` fitness and balance, addressing the gap. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of upper extremity plyometrics in wheelchair athletes by evaluating their fitness components and balance. Material and methods: Data for this experimental study was collected from wheelchair athletes aged 18-45 from various locations, with a sample size of 22 subjects determined by using purposive sampling. Tools included a stopwatch, a dynamometer, cones, and tape. Inclusion criteria were two years of experience, excluding certain health conditions. The study, approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee, evaluated upper extremity plyometrics` effects on athletes` fitness and balance. Results: The plyometric training program led to significant improvements in all five parameters in 22 elite wheelchair athletes (p < 0.001). The participants, with a mean age of 30.5 ± 4.31 years, of whom 59.1% were male and 41% were female, showed notable gains. Handgrip strength increased in both hands, and medicine ball throw distances extended significantly. A biceps curl-up test showed a significant increase in curl-ups. Sprint times improved, and trunk balance enhanced in forward, bilateral, and lateral reaches. These results were statistically validated by a paired t-test [t(21) = 21.0, p < 0.001], confirming the program`s effectiveness. Conclusions: The study indicates that a 4-week upper extremity plyometric intervention significantly boosts wheelchair athletes` fitness and trunk balance, enhancing overall performance and potentially sustaining sports participation. The recommendation is to incorporate upper body plyometrics into wheelchair athletes` routines to enhance performance and prevent injuries, focusing on strength, power, and balance. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and optimal implementation strategies.
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