Purpose. To demonstrate the applicability of the power balance model to elite handcycling and to obtain values for gross efficiency (GE). Methods. Four members of the Dutch Paralympic team performed trials on a 250-m indoor track. Velocity (v) and power output (PO) were measured in conjunction with physiological measures to obtain values for GE. The data were used to construct and validate a power balance model of handcycling. Results. The empirically derived relationship between PO and velocity was: PO = 0.20v3 + 2.90v (R2 = 0.95). Mean GE during submaximal performance was 17.9% ± 1.6%. Conclusion. Handcycling performance can successfully be modelled with a power balance model. The model provides insight into the magnitude of power production and dissipation during elite handcycling. Handcycling is a relatively efficient upper body mode of propulsion with associated high metabolic demand at race velocities.
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