Background: Body composition monitoring is vital to improve functional performance outcomes such as power output and fatigue resistance in athletes. Objective: To assess the correlation between body composition parameters (body fat percentage, percentage of muscle mass, and visceral fat VF) and anaerobic performance measures, specifically relative peak power (RPP) and fatigue index (FIWAnT), in male athletes. Along with exploring the potential influence of sport type, training frequency and smoking status. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 31 healthy male athletes aged 18-35 years was conducted. Participants were categorized by weekly training frequency and sport type. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to assess Body composition, and the 30 s Wingate test for Anaerobic performance. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between muscle percentage and both RPP (r = 0.51, p < 0.01) and average RPP (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between average RPP and both Fat percentage (r = -0.45, p < 0.05) and VF (r = -0.50, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between FIWAnT and any body composition measures. Conclusion: Body composition has a critical role in the integrity of anaerobic performance among athletes.
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