The Olympic and Paralympic Games are a global celebration of athletic dedication and achievement, bringing together athletes and spectators from around the world. However, such large gatherings present public health challenges for the Organizing Committees and local governments. As highlighted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these events are associated with an increased risk of transmission of infections, which can significantly impact the health and well-being of athletes and attendees. Prioritizing the health and safety of athletes, officials and spectators is fundamental to ensure the successful hosting of the Games. Therefore, it is essential to design and implement comprehensive countermeasures to mitigate the risk of an infectious disease outbreak among participants but also to the residents of the host city.
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