Objective - to form modern ideas about the role of controlled blood serum electrolytes - potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium - in maintaining general and specific physical performance and health of athletes, based on the analysis and generalization of scientific literature. Methods. Analysis and synthesis of data from scientific and methodological literature and the Internet. Results. Based on the analysis of scientific literature data, modern ideas about the role of potassium, sodium, calcium, most particularly ionized one, and magnesium in maintaining the functional state of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, water-electrolyte and acid-base balance, as well as the system of maintaining the blood aggregation state, which plays a direct role in the timely delivery to the heart, brain and skeletal muscle of oxygen, plastic and energy substrates have been formed. Conclusion. Evaluation of laboratory parameters of the main controlled electrolyte content should be strictly individualized, complex, adapted to the tasks of the stages of training athletes and constitute a mandatory part of medical and biological control in elite sport.
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