Summary • Optimal balance between training and recovery is of major importance for high performance athletes. • Important overtraining syndrome parameters include: sports-specific decrease in performance, persistent fatigue and disturbances in mood-state. • A double maximal test with hormonal measures may be a good diagnostic method. • Preventing non-functional overreaching and the overtraining syndrome is key. • Record and collect training load data including physiological and psychological measures. • Individualize the training program. • Control and collect data indicative of the balance between training and recovery (training diaries). • Physiological parameters that should be recorded include: morning heart rate, quality of sleep, muscle soreness, performance. • Psychological markers that should be recorded include: interest in training, mental wellbeing, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), profile of mood states (POMS). • Provide feedback to the athlete. • Avoid excessive monotony of training. • Create a professional environment for the athlete, including a medical team, nutritionist and sports psychologist. • Ensure optimal nutrition and hydration status. • Encourage good sleep and rest habits. • Allow the athlete time to recover after illness/injury.
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