Athletes are vulnerable to exceptional stressors and the same mental health challenges as the general population. Pre-participation screening with single- or multi-tool instruments provides an opportunity to detect and address the presence of mental health symptoms in athletes. Comprehensive systems supporting athlete mental health include screening, assessment, referral, management, and return to play pathways. Biopsychosocial formulation with cultural considerations helps the clinician to develop an individualized comprehensive management plan. Clinical practice guidelines for pharmacologic and non-pharmacological management of mental illnesses should be applied to athletes, with consideration for adverse effects that could compromise sport performance such as sedation, weight gain, activation, and prohibited drug lists.
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