Introduction: Adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD also known as myoadenylate deaminase) is very important regulator of muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Inherited deficiency of skeletal muscle myoadenylate deaminase (AMPD1) is a genetic disorder characterized primarily by a 34C>T transition in exon 2 of the AMPD1 gene. AMPD1 deficient individuals (TT genotype) exhibit alterations in ATP catabolic flow, resulting in greater adenosine accumulation during high intensity exercise. The aim of this study was: 1) to determine the AMPD1 allele/genotype frequency distributions among Lithuanian elite athletes and healthy non-athletes controls; 2) to compare common anthropometric measurements and physical performance phenotypes between the groups of athletes depending on their AMPD1 genotype. Methods: A total of 204 Lithuanian elite athletes (endurance-oriented (n=84), power-oriented (n=47), mixed endurance/ power athletes (n=73)) and 260 controls, were genotyped (PCR-RFLP). Anthropometric measurements, anaerobic muscle strength (grip strength, vertical jump and stair climbing test) and aerobic capacity function (VO2max) were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the AMPD1 genotypes frequencies were significantly different between the total athlete group and the control group (AMPD1 CC/CT/TT 74.2/24.9/0% vs 72.2/25.5/2.4%). There were more power-orientated athletes with the CC genotype (86.3%) compared with the endurance-orientated athletes (72.9%), mixed athletes (67.1%) and controls (74.2%) (P<0.05). The short-term explosive muscle power value (based on vertical jump test) of CC genotyped athletes from the power group was higher than that of the endurance group athletes (P<0.05). A statistically significant difference was also obtained for the vertical jump test value in the subgroup of CC-genotyped male athletes. Mixed athletes carrying the CC genotype had higher handgrip strength compared with the CT genotyped athletes (P<0.05). Indexes of endurance performance (VO2max) did not differ (P>0.05). Discussion: This data indicates that AMPD1 deficiency could have a detrimental effect on sprint/power performance and AMPD1 variant does not play a significant role in the athletes` aerobic muscle performance phenotype. Results support the positive association of the AMPD1 CC genotype with sprint/power performance. In conclusion, the AMPD1 C allele may help athletes to attain elite status in sprint/power-oriented sports, and the T allele is a factor unfavourable for athletics in sprint/power-oriented sports categories. Hence, the AMPD1 C allele can be regarded as a marker associated with the physical performance of sprint and power.
© Copyright 2014 19th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS), Amsterdam, 2. - 5. July 2014. Veröffentlicht von VU University Amsterdam. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.