Introduction Success in handball is determined by each player's physical performance, body composition, personality attributes, technical-tactical understanding, and mutual contacts (Vuleta et al., 2001; Moss et al., 2015). Certain body composition parameters are important in discriminating between elite and recreational female handball players (Moss et al., 2015). Therefore, the importance of the body composition and physical performance it is necessary to study them integrally. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body composition and physical performance in adolescent female handball players. Methods Forty-five female adolescent handball players (age: 16.13 ± 0.89 years: body height 166.86 ± 5.68 cm; body weight 63.85 ± 8 .80 years) participated in the study. The parameters of body compositions: fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and muscle mass (MM) were analyzed by Bioelectrical impedance Marlton Bioscan 920-2. The physical performance was tested for Sprint 0 - 10 m, Sprint 0 - 20 m, Sprint 0 - 30 m, Squat jump (SJ) and Countermovement jump (CMJ). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical analyses. The criteria for interpreting the strength of the r coefficients were as follows: trivial (< 0.1), small (0.1 - 0.3), moderate (0.3 - 0.5), high (0.5 - 0.7), very high (0.7 - 0.9), or practically perfect ( > 0.9). Results The Pearson coefficient correlation shows a moderate relationship between FM (%) and physical performances (SJ (cm) r = - 0.300, p = 0.05; CMJ (cm) r = - 0.323, p = 0.03; Sprint 0 - 20 m (s) r = 0.369, p = 0.01; Sprint 0 - 30 m (s) r = 0.347, p = 0.02). Likewise, a moderate relationship was found between FFM (%) and only two physical performances (Sprint 0 - 20 m (s) r = -0.377, p = 0.01; Sprint 0 - 30 m (s) r = -0.367, p = 0.01). Conclusion The body composition FF (%) and FFM (%) of female handball players in this age range has a moderate relationship with physical performances (jumping and sprinting). Coaches must develop both components to achieve the suitable results in competition games.
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