Besides the direct competition between athletes, nations compete indirecdy for collective national success (e.g., medal tally) at Olympic Games and other international championships. To facilitate these outcomes, national sport organisations (NSOs) around the world have established organised talent identification (TID) and talent development programmes (TDP), designed to catalyse their most promising young athletes` performance development. Over recent decades, the respective investments in these programmes have increased substantially (e.g., D e Bosscher, Bingham, Shibli, & van Bottenburg, 2008; Oakley & Green, 2001). NSOs face the challenge to structure T ID /TD P programmes efficaciously to regularly develop internationally successful athletes. However, analyses from different national sport systems suggest relatively low `success rates`: Only up to 2 per cent o f young athletes involved in TDP eventually attain international senior success (e.g., Ackermann, 2013; Gray & Plucker, 2010; Giillich, 2014a; Güllich & Emrich, 2005b, 2012; Hôner, Schultz, Schreiner, & Votteler, 2015; Hong, 2008; Ljach, 1997; Malina, 2010; Morris, Dunman, Alvey, 'Wynn, & Nevill, 2004; Pion, Lenoir, Vandorpe, & Segers, 2015; Sands, 2012; Vaeyens, Giillich, Warr, & Philippaerts, 2009). More or less substantial over-investment is typical of TDP, in terms o f athlete numbers selected and interventions applied to tem. Also, research-based evidence that definitively informs the design of TID /TD P is still scarce. Policy-makers and researchers alike are thus preoccupied with questions of how to organise TID /TD P efficaciously — for example: At what age to initiate TID/TDP? How many athlets to involve at which age stage? W hat interventions to apply to them and how intensively; and how to best structure TED/TDP institutions? To better examine these concerns, the chapter first outlines the central `idea` and structure of TID and TDP, and crystallizes the fundamental premises underpinning early TED/TDP. Then, we provide an overview of empirical research evidence with reference to these premises. Finally, practical implications and future directions are discussed.
© Copyright 2017 Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport. Veröffentlicht von Routledge. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.