An important area of age physiology and sport physiology is to establish proper correspondence between training load and functionality of a body ability of young athletes. The study involves 13-14 and 15-16 year -old 62 young cyclists (road). A step stress test, a complex physiological research, using particular methods, was conducted. It was determined the content of O2 and CO2 in the exhaled air, the indicators of external respiration, the central circulation, blood oxygen-capabilities and its acid-base status. According to the test, results there were calculated 32 parameters that characterize the cardiorespiratory system and the power supply operation of the body allowing to evaluate the leading physiological properties: aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, stability, agility, efficiency and implementation of aerobic capacities. By using the formal evaluation of these qualities, the structure of functional readiness of young athletes was analyzed on the basis of a quantitative analysis of the level and the proportion of its major components. Material. Determination of average fitness and functional relationships between the individual parameters and factors that make up its structure for the two age groups of 13-14 and 15-16 years cyclists. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, pedagogical experiment, testing, methods of results mathematical treatment. Results.The studies have shown that young athletes aged 15-16 have shown the ability to carry much larger in volume and intensity of work than 13-14 year-old athletes. Increased efficiency at 15-16 year olds in this case is achieved through greater mobilization of the various functions and more economical activities of functional systems. In the basis of the criteria of optimization process, development of functionality in young athletes can be brought an account of levels of development and the growth rate of the physiological characteristics of the power and efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system and power supply operation, on the one hand, and their level of sustainability, mobility and implementation of aerobic capacity, on the other. The special physical activities of 13-16 year-old young athletes with endurance training is provided by primary development of those physiological qualities, such as capacity of the cardiorespiratory system and the energy efficiency of their work and at relatively reduced specific weight of the physiological properties as functional stability, mobility and the degree of implementation of the aerobic potential. The relative power of the functional characteristics of the reactions of the cardiorespiratory system and metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic processes) in 13-16 year-old young athletes reaches values, typical for mature athletes. At the same time, these indicators, as well as various manifestations of efficiency in their absolute numbers in young trained athletes are at significantly lower levels than those of adults qualified athletes. Conclusion. It is necessary to control the dynamics of sportsmen`s state, systematically compare real and given characteristics of the training process, estimate state of sportsmen at the stages of training, control the training loads, compare an actual state of a sportsman with the model characteristics and correct the training process.
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