The use of gene-based technologies as a talent identification method is beginning to receive greater attention as knowledge about the human gene map becomes more apparent. This introduces an ethical dilemma and has re-ignited the age-old debate of nature versus nurture. This article reviews - Current talent identification methods. - The role of gene analysis for talent identification and sport. - The ethical dilemma. In summation this review has identified two key aspects that require further analysis. Firstly, more work needs to be done examining the influence and interaction of genes across a range of athletic parameters; and secondly, the effect of genetic screening on sport participation and the social development of children should be considered in greater depth. There is no question that genetic screening will become a part of our sporting landscape, however it is how we implement and govern this technology that is the crucial factor.
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