This book provides a collection of perspectives that address the neurocontrol of posture and movement. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a foundation that will help the more novice reader get the most out of this book. This involves addressing four areas: i) key terminology (the "language" of movement science, presented from the framework of a systems physiologist); ii) key aspects of neuro-mechanical structural organization (anatomical and functional), with a primary focus on the interaction between neural circuits and muscles; iii) the concept of tissue remodeling; and iv) key concepts in mechanics and control that impact on the study of movement science.