Analysis of literature shows high effectiveness of altitude training in preparation of elite athletes in endurance sports. The article presents metabolic analysis of elite athletes adaptation to training loads by altitude training in endurance sports with clinical and laboratory monitoring methods. Material, Methods. In the study 47 elite athletes in biathlon (29), cross-country skiing (8) and cycling (10) aged 22-29 years participated. The article presents results of 17364 biochemical and hematological tests in capillary blood. We used the comparative analysis of laboratory tests during training loads in altitude and sea level. Methods of descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results. The data showed an increased intensity of metabolic enzyme systems during training in altitude conditions compared with sea level. Adequate training loads without excessive activation of metabolic processes were characterized by increase in blood oxygen transport. Altitude training accompanied by excessive metabolic shifts did not allow significantly activating erythropoiesis and implementing one of the most important effects of altitude training. Training process in altitude conditions requires careful attention to planning of exercise intensity and total volume of training loads. Conclusion. The results show necessity of metabolic processes monitoring during adaptation to training loads in altitude conditions. It is important to prevent imbalance of adaptation processes and subsequent reduction of altitude training efficiency.
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