Monitoring training intensity through physiological parameters is crucial for understanding athletes' adaptive responses. Research has identified maximum muscle deoxygenation and the cumulative time with muscle oxygen saturation below 90% (SmO2 = 10%) as key indicators of acute peripheral demand and effective muscle adaptations. This study examines variations in SmO2 among swimmers of different competitive levels using the Moxy® device during typical training sessions. The Moxy® device uses NIRS, an emerging technique that is increasingly valued for its ability to directly and non-invasively monitor tissue oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters during physical activity. The objective is to determine whether the intensity during a typical swim training session (code B1) can reduce SmO2 to 10% or lower and to assess differences in athletes' ability to maintain low muscle oxygen saturation for an extended period. The study sample consists of four male competitive swimmers with varying levels of competition, with SmO2 measurements taken from the deltoid, a key muscle in swimming. The results reveal that national-level swimmers spend significantly more time below the 10% SmO2 threshold compared to regional-level swimmers, indicating a higher peripheral muscle demand and a greater capacity to maintain training intensity. This study emphasizes the importance of SmO2 measurements for personalizing training and optimizing athletic performance, facilitating the creation of more effective training programs to enhance overall performance. Additionally, it highlights the significant potential of NIRS technology in sports science research and its application in refining training methodologies across various athletic disciplines
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